Rotational kinetic energy conversion system

ABSTRACT

An energy conversion system for converting between one form of input energy selected from a mechanical energy and electrical energy, and an output energy selected from a mechanical energy and electrical energy using a linearly displaced magnetic component interacting with an orbitally displaced magnetic component.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 61/352,120, filed Jun. 7, 2010, entitled“ROTATIONAL KINETIC ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM,” the contents of which ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application isrelated to provisional application Ser. No. 61/171,641, filed on Apr.22, 2009, bearing the title “Kinetic Energy Conversion Device”, and toPatent Cooperation Treaty Patent Application Serial NumberPCT/US10/32037, filed Apr. 22, 2010, bearing the title “EnergyConversion Device”. All disclosures in these prior applications areincorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure is related generally to energy conversion systemscapable of inputting either mechanical energy and/or electrical energyand outputting electrical and/or mechanical energy. In particular, theenergy conversion system is adapted for converting one form of inputenergy selected from a mechanical energy and electrical energy, into anoutput energy selected from a mechanical energy and electrical energyusing an orbiting magnetic component and a reciprocating magneticcomponent, where the mechanical energy of the orbiting magneticcomponent is associated with a moving fluid.

BRIEF SUMMARY

A rotational kinetic energy conversion system for converting betweenkinetic energy and electric energy is provided, wherein an orbitingmagnetic component interacts cyclically with a reciprocating magneticcomponent, such as a magnetic piston, to transfer energy therebetween.

An exemplary system comprises a magnetic piston reciprocable along afirst axis, such as a first longitudinal axis, relative to alongitudinal frame, and an actuating magnet orbitable about a secondlongitudinal axis, to cyclically move towards and away from the magneticpiston. In particular, the magnetic piston may be associated with afixed longitudinal frame defining the first longitudinal axis and theactuating magnet may be associated with a rotating frame defining androtating about the second longitudinal axis. The interaction of themagnetic piston and the actuating magnet may be used to translatebetween reciprocating kinetic energy associated with the motion of thepiston and rotational kinetic energy associated with the movement of therotating frame and the actuating magnet.

The first and second longitudinal axes may be arranged perpendicular toeach other. The first and second longitudinal axes may benon-intersecting. The actuating magnet may be displaced axially relativeto the second longitudinal axis from the magnetic piston such that theorbital path of the actuating magnet avoids the actuating magnettouching the magnetic piston and cyclically takes the actuating magnetnear and away from the magnetic piston.

Alternatively, the first longitudinal axis may be coplanar with theorbital path of the actuating magnet with the magnetic piston locatedradially outwardly of the orbital path.

Two or more magnetic pistons may be disposed circumferentially about thesecond longitudinal axis to cyclically interact with the actuatingmagnet at different angular positions of the actuating magnet in itsorbital path about the second longitudinal axis. Two actuating magnetsmay be provided having orbital paths at different locations along withthe second longitudinal axis, such as to cyclically bring the actuatingmagnets into magnetic interaction with opposite sides of the magneticpiston. Two magnetic pistons may be provided on opposite sides of theorbital path of an actuating magnet such as to cyclically interact withboth actuating magnets. Similarly, a plurality of magnetic pistons andactuating magnets may be provided at various locations around and alongthe second longitudinal axis to create a multiple stage rotationalkinetic energy conversion device.

The magnetic piston may be associated with a longitudinal frame andconstrained by the longitudinal frame to reciprocate along the firstlongitudinal axis. In particular, the longitudinal frame may be achamber enclosing the magnetic piston, defining the first longitudinalaxis, and constraining the magnetic piston from displacing away from thefirst longitudinal axis. Alternatively, the longitudinal frame may be anaxle defining the first longitudinal axis and the magnetic piston may bedisposed around the axle and constrained by the axle from displacingaway from the longitudinal axis. Additionally or alternatively, themagnetic piston may be constrained to reciprocate along the firstlongitudinal axis by one or more magnets disposed in fixed positionsrelative to the longitudinal frame. The magnetic piston may beassociated with a winding or coil disposed about the first longitudinalaxis to convert energy between the kinetic energy associated with themovement of the magnetic piston and electrical energy associated withcurrent flowing through the winding or coil. The longitudinal frame mayinclude a housing enclosing components associated with the magneticpiston.

The actuating magnet may be attached to a frame rotatable about thesecond longitudinal axis. The frame may utilize vanes, a propeller orany airfoil based variant utilizing a horizontal or vertical axis ofrotation, a water wheel, a fan, a rotary pump or a rotary compressor orany other rotational device capable of converting between the kineticenergy of a moving fluid and the rotational kinetic energy of a rotatingframe. Alternatively, the frame may be associated with a rotationalkinetic energy conversion device such as a rotary electric motor orgenerator, a rotary pump, or a rotary compressor.

The actuating magnet may be polarized tangentially relative to itsorbital path about the second longitudinal axis such as to present afirst pole to the magnetic piston as it approaches the magnetic pistonand second pole to the magnetic piston as it recedes from the magneticpiston. The magnetic piston may have a radial polarization componentrelative to the first longitudinal axis such as to present substantiallythe same magnetic pole to the actuating magnet as the actuating magnetapproaches the magnetic piston and as it recedes from the magneticpiston.

The magnetic piston may have an axial polarization component relative tothe first longitudinal axis to interact with axial end magnets in fixedpositions at opposite ends of the longitudinal path of the magneticpiston to limit the movement of the magnetic piston and to act torestore the magnetic piston to the center of its longitudinal path.

In one exemplary configuration, one or more rotational kinetic energyconversion devices are placed in proximity with one or more linearkinetic energy conversion devices with the magnetic fields aligned suchthat the polarity of the actuating magnet is the same as the polarity ofthe opposing face of the piston as the actuating magnet rotates towardsthe piston. As the actuating magnets rotate towards the piston, theactuating magnetic field interacts with the movable piston magneticfield to push the piston towards a fixed end magnet. After the actuatingmagnet passes by the piston, the opposite axial fields of the fixed endmagnet and the piston interact, and the piston is accelerated by thefixed end magnet in the opposite direction. At the same time the pistonis being accelerated by the actuating magnet in a given direction, thepiston approaches an end magnet which increasingly exerts a force on thepiston to slow the piston down and ultimately reverse its direction ofmotion. This process is repeated continuously, resulting in anoscillation of the piston inside a winding that generates electricalenergy. The piston can travel at multiples of the actuating magnetfrequency.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some configurations of the energy conversion device will now bedescribed, by way of example only and without disclaimer of otherconfigurations, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an exemplary rotational kineticenergy conversion system;

FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of a rotational kinetic energyconversion system taken along section line 2-2 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view through a complex piston of thelinear kinetic energy conversion device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of an exemplary linear kinetic energyconversion device that may be employed with the rotational kineticenergy conversion system of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 5 is a sectional end view of a linear kinetic energy conversiondevice taken along section line 5-5 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the linear kinetic energy conversiondevice of FIGS. 4 and 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of an alternative exemplaryrotational kinetic energy conversion system;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the rotational kinetic energy conversionsystem of FIG. 7 taken along section line 8-8 thereof;

FIG. 9 is an exploded view of an exemplary linear kinetic energyconversion device that may be employed with the rotational kineticenergy conversion system of FIGS. 7 and 8;

FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of an alternative exemplaryrotational kinetic energy conversion system including a linear kineticenergy conversion device arranged between two paddle type fluid drivenfans;

FIG. 11 is a front elevational view of the rotational kinetic energyconversion system of FIG. 10 illustrating alternative locations foractuating magnets and illustrating the linear kinetic energy conversiondevice in section;

FIG. 12 is a sectional view through an exemplary fluid driven fan takenalong section line 12-12 of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a front elevational view of an alternative rotational kineticenergy conversion system having a fluid driven fan arranged coplanarwith a linear kinetic energy conversion device;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of another alternative rotational kineticenergy conversion system including a vane style fan with six cups andtwo linear kinetic energy conversion devices;

FIG. 15 is a bottom plan view of the rotational kinetic energyconversion system of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a front elevational view of yet another alternativerotational kinetic energy conversion system including a blade style fanwith six paddles and three linear kinetic energy conversion devices;

FIGS. 17, 18 and 19 are schematic views of other rotational kineticenergy conversion systems including multiple rotational kinetic energyconversion device component and multiple linear kinetic energyconversion devices; and

FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a rotational kinetic energy conversionsystem employing a gearing system to drive the linear kinetic energyconversion device at increased speeds.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

Referring now to the drawings, exemplary energy conversion devices areshown in detail. Although the drawings represent alternativeconfigurations of energy conversion devices, the drawings are notnecessarily to scale and certain features may be exaggerated to providea better illustration and explanation of a configuration. Theconfigurations set forth herein are not intended to be exhaustive or tootherwise limit the device to the precise forms disclosed in thefollowing detailed description.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically illustrating a generalizedrotational kinetic energy conversion system 10, the general arrangementof the mechanical, magnetic and electromagnetic components of energyconversion system 10 will be described. In particular, FIGS. 1 and 2provide a schematic representation of the exemplary rotational kineticenergy conversion system 10 having an exemplary linear kinetic energyconversion device 100 and an exemplary rotational kinetic energyconversion device 200. Exemplary alternative kinetic and rotationalkinetic energy conversion devices are illustrated in other figures anddescribed later herein.

With continued reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, linear kinetic energyconversion device 100 has a fixed frame 104, defining a firstlongitudinal axis 108 (see FIG. 1). A complex magnetic piston 110 isconstrained by mechanical and/or magnetic means, to be reciprocablealong first longitudinal axis 108 about the center position in which itis illustrated. Fixed frame 104 may include a housing 112 surroundingthe piston 110, as well as axial end magnets 114 (see FIG. 2) and/orradial side magnets 116 (see FIG. 2) capable of interacting with thepiston 110, as will be described later herein, to position the piston110 within the housing 112. Additional configuration details andalternative configurations for the fixed frame 104 will be describedlater herein. Fixed frame 104 may be provided with a coil or toroidalwinding 120 capable of interacting with complex magnetic piston 110 togenerate an electrical current in the winding in response to oscillationof the magnetic piston along first longitudinal axis 108.

Rotational kinetic energy conversion device 200 has a rotatable frame204 mounted, for example to a shaft 202 defining a second longitudinalaxis 208 (see FIG. 2) about which rotatable frame 204 is constrained torotate. The rotatable frame 204 may be powered by hydro, wind or solarenergy. Hydro power may be harnessed by using river current or the waveaction of lakes and oceans, such as using the systems illustrated inFIGS. 10 through 13 and described later herein. Wind power may beharnessed by using a “squirrel cage” design, propellers or blades, orcups, as illustrated variously in FIGS. 14 through 16 and describedbelow. Solar power may be used as a supplemental power supply as abackup, to power control systems, or to selectively operate optionaladditional windings when the wind is less than optimal, as describedlater herein.

The rotatable frame 204 may include one or two wheels 206, as shown inFIG. 2, which extend to locations adjacent the linear kinetic energyconversion device 100. One or more actuating magnets 210 are fixed toportions of the rotatable frame 204 remote from the second longitudinalaxis 208, and define circular orbital paths 212 (see FIG. 1) aboutlongitudinal axis 208 when the rotatable frame 204 is rotatedthereabout. As shown in FIG. 2, the rotatable frame 204 may be providedwith two actuating magnets 210, one disposed generally on each side ofthe linear kinetic energy conversion device 100 to engage opposite sidesthereof Providing opposing actuating magnets 210 provides a balancedforce on the piston 110 and therefore reduces potential friction betweenthe piston 110 and components of the fixed frame 104. Additionalactuating magnets may be provided at different angular positions aboutthe second longitudinal axis to also selectively interact with thepiston 110. It will be appreciated that the components may be scaleddimensionally and in magnetic strength and weight so as to provide asmooth reciprocation or oscillation of the piston 110 for the expectedrange of rotational speeds of the rotatable frame 204. The oscillationfrequency of the piston 110 may be the same or greater than therotational frequency of the magnet 210 or magnets,

Rotatable frame 204 may be rotated by a moving fluid, such as air orwater, by the use of vanes, or similar devices, described later, so asto capture the kinetic energy of the moving fluid. It will further beappreciated that the fixed frame 104 may be fixed in position relativeto the second longitudinal axis 208 and the rotatable frame 204 by anyconvenient means. The support structure for devices 100 and 200 has beenomitted from FIGS. 1 and 2 to provide clearer visibility of thecomponents of these devices. In use, as the rotatable frame 204 rotates,the actuating magnets 210 orbit the second longitudinal axis 208 intoand out of the range of the complex magnetic piston 110 to cyclicallyinteract with the complex magnetic piston and cause the oscillation ofthe piston 110 relative to the fixed frame 104. This oscillation of thepiston 110 generates a current in the toroidal winding 120, therebypermitting the rotational kinetic energy conversion system 10 to convertthe kinetic energy of a moving fluid to rotational kinetic energy of therotatable frame 204, then into linear kinetic energy of the piston 110,and finally into electrical power in the form of electric currentthrough the toroidal winding 120.

The efficiency of the conversion of the kinetic energy of the movingfluid into electric power will depend on the efficiency of the transferof energy from one stage to the next stage in the rotational kineticenergy conversion system 10. This may be advanced by choosingappropriate lightweight materials for all components, as well as byscaling the magnetic components and choosing their relative polarorientations to optimize the efficient operation of the system 10. It istherefore contemplated that all of the magnets used in the energyconversion system 10 may be rare earth magnets, such as neodymiummagnets, to provide the desired strength combined with a low weight.

It is therefore contemplated that the complex magnet piston 110 bemanufactured or selected so as to have an axial magnetic component and aradial magnetic component. The axial magnetic component may interactwith axial end magnets 114 to limit the movement of the piston 110 andto accelerate the piston 110 to return to its central position in thefixed frame 104, while the radial magnetic component may interact withthe toroidal winding 120 to generate electrical current. The axialmagnetic component is also used to interact with actuating magnets 210.The radial magnetic component may also interact with radial side magnets116 to help position the piston and reduce friction. Therefore, as shownin FIG. 1, complex magnetic piston 110 may be manufactured or selectedto effectively present axial poles of identical polarity to therespective faces presented by the axial end magnets 114, as well as toeffectively present radial poles of identical polarity to that presentedby the radial side magnets 116. Furthermore, the actuating magnets 210may be selected and oriented, as shown in FIG. 1, so as to effectivelypresent a face of identical polarity to the radial magnetic component ofthe piston 110 as the actuating magnets approach the piston and toeffectively present a face of identical polarity to the radial magneticcomponent of the piston 110 as the actuating magnets pass and retreatfrom the piston along their orbital paths. More particularly, as theactuating magnet 210 moves towards the piston 110, the interacting facesof the piston 110 and actuating magnet 210 repel each other, causing theactuating magnet 210 to impart a force on the piston 110 moving ittowards an end magnet. When the actuating magnet 210 passes the piston110, the opposite faces of the piston 110 and actuating magnet 210 begininteracting and the piston 110 is pushed in the opposite direction. Theend magnets 114 also act on the piston to slow and eventually reverseits direction of motion.

It will be appreciated that opposing polarities may be substituted foridentical polarities in the above described configurations for manyapplications such that magnet 210 attracts the piston 110 andaccelerates it towards the axial end magnet, provided that each of thepolarities are selected so that the forces balance to produce thedesired action of the piston 110.

This complex magnetic design for the complex magnetic piston 110 may beprovided for example, by constructing the piston of two concentricallydisposed magnets, one being magnetized axially and one being magnetizedradially, so as to provide a complex field. This may alternatively beprovided as shown in FIG. 3, by constructing the complex magnetic piston110 from a plurality of magnetic segments 122 a-122 h manufacturedindividually and then enclosed in a ring 124, as shown, or fastenedtogether by an epoxy material. Ring 124 may be comprised of aluminum andhave an outer cylindrical wall 132 and at least one annular wall 134 forengaging the magnetic sections. Annular wall 134 may have a centrallylocated aperture 136 for use in mounting complex magnet 110 to othercomponents, such as a shaft, when required for some applications.

Complex magnetic piston 110 may be a radial neodymium ring magnet of thetype sold by Engineered Concepts, 1836 Canyon Road, Vestavia Hills, Ala.35216, owned by George Mizzell in Birmingham, Ala., and offered for saleunder the name SuperMagnetMan, for example, as parts number RR0060N,RR0090N, or, RR0100S. Applicants have determined experimentally thatsuch magnets have the property of having an axial magnetic componentsuch as to effectively present a north pole on one face 126 and a southpole on an opposite face not shown, while also having a radial componentpresenting a first pole, such as a north pole on first arcuate face 128,and an opposite pole, such as a south pole, on a second arcuate facesurface 130.

For example, an acceptable complex piston 110 has been manufacturedusing eight separate grade N42 diametric magnet segments. For someapplications, a weaker complex piston may be suitable made from gradeN40 or grade N32 diametric magnet segments, since it is easier toassemble using weaker magnet segments. It has been suggestedexperimentally that such variables as the gauss strength, strength andlength of the piston 110 magnetic field, as well as the speed(oscillations) of the radial magnet be maximized. The addition of asecond radial magnet also appears experimentally to be helpful. However,from experiments to date, it appears that the most important variablesto maximize are the gauss strength and radial magnetic strength andtherefore a piston made from a grade N52 magnet may be desirable.

Additional details and alternatives for a linear kinetic energyconversion device 100′ are shown in FIGS. 4 through 6. Fixed frame 104of device 100′ includes a tube or inner housing 140 formed of a suitablenon-conductive material, such as plastic, supporting a toroidal winding120 (see FIGS. 4 and 5) therearound and a pair of axial end magnets 114(see FIGS. 4 and 6) at each end of the inner housing 140.

It should be noted that a second winding may be employed, which whenselectively energized, temporarily upsets the balance of forces actingon piston 110 so as to initiate or assist the oscillation of piston 110.It will be appreciated that oscillation of piston 110 may additionallyor alternatively be initiated or assisted by mechanical action causingpiston 110 to move relative to the other magnetic components.Alternatively, a plurality of toroidal windings 120 may be provided. Oneor more passive toroidal windings may be provided to create an outputcurrent as a function of the motion of the piston. One or more activetoroidal windings may be provided to create a magnetic field opposingthe magnetic field of the piston. The passive toroidal winding 120 issignificantly larger than the active toroidal winding. A passive windingmay be operated by solar power when the wind is less than optimal. Theenergy created by the piston interacting with the passive toroidalwinding may be transferred to and stored in an electrical device such asa battery or capacitor. The active toroidal winding, not shown, may usethe electrical energy previously created by the moving piston magnetsinteracting with the passive toroidal winding.

The inner housing 140 defines a channel 144 for the piston 110. Thetoroidal winding 120 may be sized as shown to extend only partiallytowards the ends of inner housing 140 to provide a gap of more than thethickness of the piston 110 so that the field is broken as the pistonapproaches the end magnets 114, causing an electrical spike in thecurrent generated in the toroidal winding 120.

Fixed frame 104 may further include an outer housing 142 enclosing theinner housing 140, the toroidal winding 120 and the end magnets 114. Theouter housing 142 may include a cylindrical wall 148 closed at each endby a wall 150 (see FIG. 4) to form an enclosure for the magneticcomponents of kinetic energy conversion device 100′. Axial end magnets114 may be affixed to or abut walls 150. It should be noted that inFIGS. 4-6, piston 110 is shown spaced away from inner housing 140 so asto avoid loss of energy to friction between components. However, piston110 may be proportioned with a sufficiently large diameter relative tothe inner diameter of toroidal winding 120 to restrict airflow betweenthe sides of piston 110. To prevent air pressure buildup on ether sideof piston 110 from inhibiting the motion of piston 120, housing 112 maybe provided with openings 146 (see FIGS. 4 and 6) permitting airflow tothe respective sides of the piston 110. The openings 146 may alsoprovide some cooling of the internal components of the linear kineticenergy conversion device 100′.

As shown in FIG. 4, wires 154 (see FIG. 4) for taking power from thetoroidal winding 120 extend through apertures 156 in cylindrical wall148 to an electrical load 160, such as an external powered device, apower grid, or an energy storage device. Wires 162 for connectingtoroidal winding 120 to a power source 164, selectively operated by aswitch, 166, activated automatically, such as by a microprocessor, oractivated manually, may be provided when it is desired to introduce atemporary magnetic imbalance to piston 110 to initiate the oscillationof the piston for applications where priming is required. Themicroprocessor may be operated by solar power when the wind is less thanoptimal. Alternatively, wires 154 and 162 may be replaced by a wirelesspower transmission system.

Linear energy conversion device 100′ may be configured to provide eitheralternating current or direct current output. Electrical load 160 may beone or more electrical devices capable of consuming the power, one ormore storage devices used to store power for later use, or a powerdistribution system. Exemplary storage devices for electrical load 160include batteries, flywheels, capacitors, and other devices of capableof storing energy using electrical, chemical, thermal or mechanicalstorage systems. Exemplary electrical devices for electrical load 160include electric motors, fuel cells, hydrolysis conversion devices,battery charging devices, lights, and heating elements. Exemplary powerdistribution system electrical load 160 includes a residential circuitbreaker panel, or an electrical power grid. Electrical load 160 may alsoinclude an intermediate electrical power conversion device or devicescapable of converting the power to a form useable by electrical load 160such as an inverter.

While power source 164 and electrical load 160 are schematicallyillustrated as independent of linear kinetic energy conversion device100′, either or both may be integrated with a linear kinetic energyconversion device 100′ or connected with linear kinetic energyconversion device 100′ in some manner. In particular, one or both mayalternatively be affixed to outer housing 142 or mounted within acompartment formed on outer housing 142. Furthermore, while power source164 and electrical load 160 are schematically illustrated as beingtangentially located relative to the first longitudinal axis 108, eitheror both may be advantageously located along longitudinal axis 108 forsome implementations. Thus, for example, but not illustrated, outerhousing 142 may extend beyond one of the end magnets 114 to provide acompartment for the storage of a power source 164 or electrical load 160such as batteries, a radio, or a light. Additionally or alternatively, aremovable cover, not shown, may be provided at one end of outer housing142 with a compartment or attachment feature for a power source or anelectrical load or for replacement of their components. The radio orlight may be operated on solar power, batteries or power from a powergrid when the wind is less than optimal.

Outer housing 142 may be provided with appropriate legs or mountingpoints for selectively mounting the linear kinetic energy conversiondevice 100′ to a stationary structure, such as a tower for an airfoilbased rotating wheel.

It should be noted that exemplary linear energy conversion device 100′does not include a radial magnetic source such as the radial sidemagnets 116 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, as their use is optional dependingon the application.

Referring now to FIGS. 7 through 9, another exemplary linear kineticenergy conversion device 100″ is illustrated. Device 100″ is similar todevice 100′ except as described below. In linear kinetic energyconversion device 100″, complex magnetic piston 110″ is disposed outsideof a toroidal winding 120″ and a pair of ring shaped axial end magnets114″ (see FIGS. 7 and 9) are provided for acting upon the complexmagnetic piston 110″.

Having described above alternative examples of the linear kineticconversion device 100, attention is now drawn to FIGS. 10 through 16illustrating alternatives examples of the rotational kinetic energyconversion device 200.

A first exemplary rotational kinetic energy conversion device 200′,illustrated in FIGS. 10 through 12 using a rotating wheel 220 to convertthe kinetic energy of flowing water into rotational kinetic energy. Inparticular, the rotating wheel 220 has two spaced apart disk shapedwalls 222 mounted to an axle 224 and a plurality of fluid resistingsurfaces, such as paddles, vanes or blades 226 extending between thewalls 222 radially from the axle 224. When the rotating wheel 220 ispartially submerged in moving water, the water will act upon the blades226 to cause the rotation of the water wheel. Actuating magnets 228 amay be mounted to the face of each blade. Alternatively, actuatingmagnets 228 b (see FIGS. 11 and 12) may be mounted to a face of one ofthe walls 222. A linear kinetic energy device 100 may be mounted in afixed position adjacent one of the walls 222. As shown in FIG. 11, asthe water wheel 220 turns, actuating magnets 228 a and 228 b interactwith the piston 110 in the linear kinetic energy device 100 in themanner described previously to generate electrical power. As shown, thelinear kinetic energy device 100 may be mounted between two adjacentwater wheels 220 and receive energy from both wheels.

An alternative exemplary rotational kinetic energy conversion device200″ is illustrated in FIG. 13. Device 200″ is similar to device 200′except as described below. In particular, kinetic energy conversiondevice 200″ has a rotating wheel 220 designed to interact with a linearkinetic energy device 100 disposed in the same plane as the rotatingwheel. In this case, then, actuating magnets 228 c may be located on theedges of the blades 226. An additional rotating wheel, not shown, may beprovided coplanar with the illustrated rotating wheel on the other sideof the linear kinetic energy device 100. Wind may also drive thisrotating wheel.

Another alternative exemplary rotational kinetic energy conversiondevice 200″′ is illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15. Device 200″′ comprises apost 232, mounted in turn to fluid resisting device 238, and attached,for example, to a building 234. The device has a rotating frame 236rotatably mounted to the post 232. The device 200″′ has a plurality ofblades, for example cups 238, mounted on the ends of arms 240 extendingradially from the post 232. A pair of linear kinetic energy devices 100are fixedly mounted to the post 232 adjacent the rotating frame 236 atopposing radial locations about the post. As shown in FIG. 15, aplurality of actuating magnets 242 are mounted to the arms 240 such asto cyclically sweep by the linear kinetic energy device 100 and therebyinteract with the piston 110 in the linear kinetic energy device 100 inthe manner described previously to generate electrical power.

Yet another alternative exemplary rotational kinetic energy conversiondevice 200″″ is illustrated in FIG. 16. Device 200″″ comprises a windresisting vane 250 mounted to a axle 252 extending generallyperpendicularly from a vertical post 254, which may be mounted in turn,to the ground.

Device 200″″ has a plurality of blades or vanes 256 mounted on the endsof arms 258 extending radially from the axle 252. As shown in FIG. 16,the arms 258 may be cylindrical rods. Alternatively, the arms 258 may beshaped to capture a portion of the wind, such as by being shaped aspropellers or turbine blades or any airfoil configuration. Three linearkinetic energy devices 100 are fixedly mounted to the post 254 atarcuately spaced locations about the axle 252. A plurality of actuatingmagnets 260 are mounted to the arms 258 such as to cyclically sweep bythe linear kinetic energy device 100 and thereby interact with thepiston 110 in the linear kinetic energy device 100 in the mannerdescribed previously to generate electrical power.

Referring now to FIGS. 17 through 18, alternative rotational kineticenergy conversion systems 10′, 10″ and 10″′ are illustrated,respectively, where multiple linear kinetic energy conversion devices100 and rotational kinetic energy conversion devices 200 are used tocapture power from a moving fluid.

In rotational kinetic energy conversion systems 10′ and 10″, shown inFIGS. 17 and 18, respectively, linear kinetic energy devices 100 androtational kinetic energy devices 200 are alternated so that lineardevices get power from two adjacent rotational devices and rotationaldevices provide power to two adjacent linear devices. In rotationalkinetic energy conversion system 10′ the rotational devices are coaxial,while in rotational kinetic energy conversion system 10″, the rotationaldevices have parallel axis and the linear devices are coplanar with therotational devices. The choice between these orientations may depend onthe nature and direction of the fluid flow and geometry of the spaceavailable for mounting the system.

In rotational kinetic energy conversion systems 10′″, shown in FIG. 19,each linear kinetic energy device 100 is disposed between a pair ofrotational kinetic energy devices 200, but comprise a subsystemindependently rotatable about an axle 280.

It will therefore be appreciated that an energy conversion system may beconfigured as a single stage, as shown in FIGS. 1 through 16, multipleindependent stages, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 19, or as multiple coupledstages, as shown in FIG. 18. When constructed with multiple stages, theindividual stages may share components, such as outer or inner housingsor electrical devices. Multiple linear energy conversion devices fromone or more stage may be connected electrically or mechanically inparallel or in series or function independently.

It is to be understood that the above description is intended to beillustrative and not restrictive. Many configurations and applicationsother than the examples provided would be apparent to those of skill inthe art upon reading the above description.

For example, while in the above described exemplary structures, therotational kinetic energy conversion device 200 received power from amoving fluid and the linear kinetic energy conversion device 100received that energy and converted into electrical power, the componentsof the rotational kinetic energy conversion system 10 may be varied toprovide alternative category of power inputs or outputs for either ofthe devices 100 and 200. For example, the linear kinetic energy device100 could be powered, so that the toroidal winding 120 drives a piston110 to interact with actuating magnets on a rotatable frame so as todrive a fan. Energy conversion devices 100 and 200 may be usedalternatively as a generator, a motor, a pump, a compressor, an engine,or an electrical power transformer.

Relative motion between the piston 110 and the toroidal winding 120 maybe caused by any mechanical action such as wind, hydro (wave, current orvertical drop energy), or mechanical input from moving or bouncingobjects. Alternatively, the energy conversion device may transmit powerto a device or devices capable of utilizing the electrical output of thetoroid without using intermediate storage. These devices include, butare not limited to, electric motors, fuel cells, hydrolysis conversiondevices, battery charging devices, lights, and heating elements.Alternatively, the piston may be directly displaced by a fluid actingdirectly on a face of the piston, such as moving air or water, acombustible fuel expanding against one face of the piston, or a fluidexpanding or contracting in response to a temperature change.

It will be appreciated that the energy storage device described abovemay be acting in concert with and providing an input, either primary orsecondary, to an individually circuited system such as a residentialhome fuse panel fed by a commercial power grid or to a hydro, nuclear,wind, solar, wave, or any other type of electrical power generation gridsuch as used for private and/or public power consumption. The device maybe a singular entity or multiple entities combined as units in series,parallel or independently to provide increased output. The device may becapable of acting in concert with an electrical device capable ofcalculating and regulating the input energy to the active toroid suchthat the piston motion is maintained. The device may, acting in concertwith an electrical device capable of calculating and regulating theinput energy to the active toroidal winding, e.g., an electronic controlmodule capable of being programmed, reading input signals and generatingoutput signals based on the input signals such that the piston motion isdecelerated, stopped and reversed with minimum input energy to theactive toroidal winding.

Control algorithms may be provided capable of deriving pistondeceleration and acceleration and calculating the required toroidalenergy needed to accelerate the piston to its required velocity andgenerating a current and voltage input signal for the active toroidalwinding. The algorithm would minimally require input signals consistingof piston travel at three different positions, e.g., using Hall effectsensors, each sensed position being past the piston mid-travel pointalong the longitudinal axis toward a horizontal magnet, calculating thetime between the three pulses to derive velocity and deceleration fortwo time periods, calculating the deceleration rate as a function ofpiston position, calculating the point at which the piston will stop,determining the force necessary to accelerate the piston to the desiredinitial velocity, calculating the required toroidal winding forcerequired, generating a current command signal (for a fixed voltage) andmeasuring the acceleration as the piston travels in the oppositedirection along its longitudinal axis and adjusting the toroidal powerlevel to maintain the required piston target velocity by measuring thetime required to travel between the three points.

The energy conversion device may be adapted to, in concert with controlalgorithms, to minimize the input energy into the active toroidalwinding. The control algorithm may maintain the following relationship:F_(tin)>F_(p)−F_(Mh) where F_(tin) is the active toroidal winding forcein a direction opposite that of the force of the piston 110 proportionalto input voltage and current, F_(p) is the piston force, and F_(Mh) isthe force of the horizontal magnet opposing the piston force F_(p) suchthat a piston traveling along its longitudinal axis is decelerated as itapproaches a horizontal magnet, stops instantaneously and then isaccelerated by the toroidal winding 120, at a predetermined, empiricallydeveloped rate by the applied force F_(tin), acting in concert with therepelling force of the end magnets.

Acting in concert with an end magnet the longitudinal axis of thisdevice, including these magnets, can be oriented from 0-90 degreesrelative to a horizontal plane, displaced a finite distance from thevertical mid-point whose primary force fields are oriented 90 degreesfrom the radial magnets, said magnets located such that their fieldsinteract with the radial magnets along the vertical axis of the radialmagnets, in those applications where a radial magnet is provided. Thismagnet or magnets can be positioned either internal to the stationaryradial magnets (as illustrated) or external to the stationary radialmagnets, i.e., the magnet has a larger inner diameter than thestationary radial magnet outer diameter using a ring type magnetconfiguration.

In the present disclosure, an exemplary rotational kinetic energyconversion system has been described having a linear kinetic energyconversion device with an oscillatable magnetic piston surrounded by atoroidal winding is provided in a fixed location (offset from the axisof rotation of a rotating wheel having a radially positioned actuatingmagnet such that, as the wheel is rotatably driven by a moving fluid,the magnet cyclically passes by the piston and causes the piston tooscillate, thereby inducing a current in the winding. The wheel may be,for example, a rotating wheel or rotating vanes driven by moving wateror air. In another exemplary system, a pair of wheels is disposed onopposing sides of the linear kinetic energy conversion device, eachprovided with an actuating magnet or multiple magnets so as to provide abalance of magnetic forces on the piston as the wheels rotate. In stillanother exemplary system, a plurality of angularly spaced actuatingmagnets are provided on one or more wheels. In yet another exemplarysystem, a plurality of linear kinetic energy conversion devices arefixedly mounted in angularly spaced positions relative to one or morerotating wheels to provide a balanced power draw against the rotatingwheel or wheels.

Importantly, the system can be efficiently operated at smaller scalesthan traditional wind turbines, thus making them an important energyoption for homeowners and small businesses. Furthermore, the system isscalable for larger installations, for example, by making largerrotational and linear kinetic energy devices, by coupling multiplestages of kinetic devices to a single water or wind driven rotationaldevice, or by putting multiple units, each with a kinetic energyconversion system, on a single post or shaft.

It will be appreciated that each linear kinetic energy conversion devicedescribed above will have an optimum speed range inherent in its design.It is contemplated that a rotational kinetic energy system may betunable to respond to different speeds of moving fluid. For example, therotatable frame 200 rotatable directly by the moving fluid may beconnected, through a system of gearing 290 such as a continuouslyvariable speed transmission, as shown in FIG. 20, to a secondary frameor wheel 292 rotating at an optimum speed for the operation of thelinear kinetic energy conversion device. The actuating magnets 294 maybe mounted to the secondary wheel 292 so that the linear kinetic energyconversion device 100 experiences an oscillation at a desired rate.Alternatively, blades may be rotatable to present more or less effectivesurface area to the wind as wind speed changes. Similarly, the numberand arrangement of linear kinetic energy conversion devices associatedwith a water wheel or windmill may be varied, for example, by providinga mechanism for moving the linear kinetic energy devices towards or awayfrom the region of the actuating magnet. Alternatively, the axle or poleholding the units may be provided with a speed regulation system, suchas a clutching or braking system to limit its rotational speed. Suchclutching, blade turning, gearing and/or device moving systems may beautomated and driven by a microprocessor and may be programmed to eitheroptimize the efficiency of the system or to maximize power output,depending on the needs of the owner. The microprocessor may be operatedby solar power when the wind is less than optimal.

Alternatively, the system may be designed to self-adjust to changingwind conditions. For example, the cups or paddles may be designed toflex in response to changing wind conditions to provide a non-linearresponse to increases in wind speed so as to reduce the effect of windgusts or excessive wind. As an example, the cups may face downward 1 to3 or 5 degrees or the propeller airfoils may be designed to createslight lift so that when they catch the wind and begin to spin, theywill rise slightly, lessening the friction on the bottom but notcreating enough lift so they fly away. The blades may alternatively bedesigned at varying angles, such that the bottom turbine is at ½ degree,the next 1 degree, above that 1.5 degrees or 2 degrees, etc. such that,as they spin, each blade separates from the blades above and belowlessening the friction and lessening the wear while increasing thespeed.

Features shown or described in association with one configuration may beadded to or used alternatively in another configuration, includingconfigurations described or illustrated in the provisional patentapplication and the patent cooperation treaty patent applicationreferred to in the above cross-reference to related applications. Thescope of the device should be determined, not with reference to theabove description, but should instead be determined with reference tothe appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to whichsuch claims are entitled. It is anticipated and intended that futuredevelopments will occur in the arts discussed herein, and that thedisclosed systems and methods will be incorporated into such futureconfigurations. In sum, it should be understood that the device iscapable of modification and variation and is limited only by thefollowing claims.

All terms are intended to be given their broadest reasonableconstructions and their ordinary meanings as understood by those skilledin the art unless an explicit indication to the contrary in made herein.In particular, use of the singular articles such as “a” and “the,”should be read to recite one or more of the indicated elements unless aclaim recites an explicit limitation to the contrary.

1. A rotational kinetic energy conversion system for converting betweenkinetic energy and electric energy, the rotational kinetic energyconversion system comprising: a magnetic piston displaceable along afirst longitudinal axis: a winding disposed about the first longitudinalaxis; and an actuating magnet displaceable in an orbital path about asecond longitudinal axis to cyclically interact with the magnetic pistonsuch that said actuating magnet periodically exerts a force on themagnet piston to oscillate the magnetic piston along the firstlongitudinal axis to induce an electrical current and voltage in thewinding, thereby creating electrical energy.
 2. The rotational kineticenergy conversion system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality ofsaid actuating magnets, each cyclically imparting a magnetic force uponsaid piston to contribute to the oscillation of said magnetic piston. 3.The rotational kinetic energy conversion system of claim 2, wherein atleast a pair of said actuating magnets orbit about said secondlongitudinal axis on opposing sides of the magnetic piston to exert abalanced force on the magnetic piston.
 4. The rotational kinetic energyconversion system of claim 1, wherein the first and second longitudinalaxes are perpendicular and non-intersecting.
 5. The rotational kineticenergy conversion system of claim 1, further comprising a gear systemcoupled to the rotatable frame and a secondary frame attached to thegearing system, the actuating magnet being affixed to the secondaryframe.
 6. The rotational kinetic energy conversion system of claim 1,wherein the piston is located radially outward of the orbital path ofthe actuating magnet.
 7. The rotational kinetic energy conversion systemof claim 1, wherein the magnetic piston is located in an adjacent planeto the plane of the orbital path of the actuating magnet.
 8. Therotational kinetic energy conversion system of claim 1, furthercomprising a plurality of said magnetic pistons, each disposed at adifferent angular position about the second longitudinal axis.
 9. Therotational kinetic energy conversion system of claim 1, furthercomprising: a rotational kinetic energy conversion device comprising arotatable frame driven by a moving fluid to rotate about the secondlongitudinal axis; the actuating magnet being affixed to the rotatableframe; and a linear kinetic energy conversion device comprising a fixedframe constraining the magnetic piston to oscillate along the firstlongitudinal axis, the magnetic piston being contained in the fixedframe.
 10. The rotational kinetic energy conversion system of claim 9,wherein the rotatable frame comprises an axle disposed along the secondlongitudinal axis and a blade attached to the axle and extendingradially therefrom, such that the rotatable frame may rotatably drivenby the action of a moving fluid on the blade.
 11. The rotational kineticenergy conversion system of claim 10, wherein the rotatable framecomprises a rotating wheel affixed with surfaces offering resistance tothe moving fluid and imparting torque to turn the rotatable frame usingsurfaces selected from a blade, a cup, a vane, a propeller, an airfoilor any variation or combination of these surfaces.
 12. The rotationalkinetic energy conversion system of claim 10, wherein the rotatableframe comprises a plurality of fluid resisting surfaces.
 13. Therotational kinetic energy conversion system of claim 10, wherein theactuating magnet is affixed to a fluid resisting surface.
 14. Therotational kinetic energy conversion system of claim 10, wherein therotatable frame further comprises at least one wheel attached to theaxle, the fluid resisting surface extending from the wheel.
 15. Therotational kinetic energy conversion system of claim 9, wherein thefixed frame comprises a housing enclosing the winding and the magneticpiston.
 16. The rotational kinetic energy conversion system of claim 9,wherein the fixed frame comprises a pair of end magnets disposed alongthe first longitudinal axis adapted to exert a magnetic force on themagnetic piston to limit the displacement of the magnetic piston duringoscillations and to accelerate the piston in the opposite direction. 17.The rotational kinetic energy conversion system of claim 9, wherein themagnetic piston comprises and axial magnetic component and a radialmagnetic component.
 18. A rotational kinetic energy conversion systemfor converting between kinetic energy and electric energy, therotational kinetic energy conversion system comprising: a fixed framehaving a housing, a magnetic piston contained in the rotatable frame anddisplaceable along a first longitudinal axis, and a winding disposedwithin the housing about the first longitudinal axis. a rotatable framedriven by a moving fluid to rotate about a second longitudinal axisperpendicular to and non-intersecting with the first longitudinal axis;the rotatable frame having a fluid resisting surface extending radiallyfrom the second longitudinal axis and engagable with a moving fluid toimpart rotational kinetic energy to the rotatable frame, and anactuating magnet affixed at radial location such as to define an orbitalpath about a second longitudinal axis as the rotatable frame rotates,the actuating magnet positioned to cyclically interact with the magneticpiston such that said actuating magnet periodically exerts a force onthe magnet piston to oscillate the magnetic piston along the firstlongitudinal axis to induce an electrical current in the winding. 19.The rotational kinetic energy conversion system of claim 18, furthercomprising a plurality of said actuating magnets, each cyclicallyimparting a magnetic force upon said piston to contribute to theoscillation of said magnetic piston.
 20. The rotational kinetic energyconversion system of claim 18, further comprising a plurality of saidrotatable frames, each disposed at a different angular position aboutthe second longitudinal axis.
 21. The rotational kinetic energyconversion system of claim 18, further comprising a pair of saidrotatable frames, one disposed on each side of the fixed frame.
 22. Therotational kinetic energy conversion system of claim 18, wherein therotatable frame comprises a rotating wheel affixed with surfacesoffering resistance to the moving fluid and imparting torque to turn therotatable frame using surfaces selected from a blade, a cup, a vane, apropeller, an airfoil or any variation or combination of these surfaces.23. The rotational kinetic energy conversion system of claim 18, whereinthe fixed frame further comprises a pair of end magnets disposed alongthe first longitudinal axis adapted to exert a magnetic force on themagnetic piston to limit the displacement of the magnetic piston duringoscillations and to accelerate the piston in the opposite direction.